These are great days to invest money in black gold. We are not even at the apex of a shale oil and gas boom and already the United States has surpassed Russia as the No One supplier of oil in the world. There are good reasons and many ways to become an oil and gas investor Brookshire Salt Dome or one of thousands of potential drilling sites.
Novel technologies in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have opened up vast reserves of gas and oil that have been hitherto trapped inside the close-grained shale rock deposits deep beneath Texas, Oklahoma and much of New England. Extracting it involves drilling a horizontal hole, laying perforated pipe and blasting holes into the rock.
Mixed in with huge volumes of water are a large amount of sand, used to prop the fractures open so that the oil and gas that lies within can flow outwards to the surface. A single shale formation can take anywhere from a few million gallons to tens of millions of gallons of water to extract the resources buried deep within the rock. Multiply that by the 37,000 active sites, and that is an almost incalculable amount of water.
Simply managing the high volumes of frac water from the source to the drill site, through processing tanks and into the rock, and handling back flow and produced water has meant that new technologies have been forced to evolve rapidly. Produced water is that which is originally in the rock formation before any frac water has been injected. It comes up with the frac backflow when the fracturing phase of the job is complete.
Produced water can amount to as much as eight times the volume of water that is injected into the rock to induce fracturing. Some of this used water is placed into specially constructed rapid evaporation tanks to minimize the volume that has to be piped or trucked from the site to its final destination to be recycled or disposed of. Some of it is treated and recycled to be reused again in another fracking project.
What cannot be disposed of in one of these means is injected into disposal wells. It is this "produced" water injected into the disposal wells, and not the fracturing process, that has people understandably concerned about the generation of earthquakes. Scientists at the US Geological Survey in Pasadena have been studying what are colloquially known as "frackquakes" in Oklahoma.
The Survey has confirmed that there is a close temporal relationship between the injection of water into disposal wells and the occurrence of these frackquakes. The public is also understandably worried about another, separate, problem with hydraulic fracturing. This is the potential for contamination of public water supplies with mud, sand and toxic fracking chemicals.
One way to become an indirect oil and gas investor Brookshire Salt dome is to invest in high volume frac water technologies. Existing reserves of oil and gas in shale oil deposits contain enough energy to see us well into the next century. Novel ways of recycling and treating wastewater are essential if we are to realize its full potential.
Novel technologies in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have opened up vast reserves of gas and oil that have been hitherto trapped inside the close-grained shale rock deposits deep beneath Texas, Oklahoma and much of New England. Extracting it involves drilling a horizontal hole, laying perforated pipe and blasting holes into the rock.
Mixed in with huge volumes of water are a large amount of sand, used to prop the fractures open so that the oil and gas that lies within can flow outwards to the surface. A single shale formation can take anywhere from a few million gallons to tens of millions of gallons of water to extract the resources buried deep within the rock. Multiply that by the 37,000 active sites, and that is an almost incalculable amount of water.
Simply managing the high volumes of frac water from the source to the drill site, through processing tanks and into the rock, and handling back flow and produced water has meant that new technologies have been forced to evolve rapidly. Produced water is that which is originally in the rock formation before any frac water has been injected. It comes up with the frac backflow when the fracturing phase of the job is complete.
Produced water can amount to as much as eight times the volume of water that is injected into the rock to induce fracturing. Some of this used water is placed into specially constructed rapid evaporation tanks to minimize the volume that has to be piped or trucked from the site to its final destination to be recycled or disposed of. Some of it is treated and recycled to be reused again in another fracking project.
What cannot be disposed of in one of these means is injected into disposal wells. It is this "produced" water injected into the disposal wells, and not the fracturing process, that has people understandably concerned about the generation of earthquakes. Scientists at the US Geological Survey in Pasadena have been studying what are colloquially known as "frackquakes" in Oklahoma.
The Survey has confirmed that there is a close temporal relationship between the injection of water into disposal wells and the occurrence of these frackquakes. The public is also understandably worried about another, separate, problem with hydraulic fracturing. This is the potential for contamination of public water supplies with mud, sand and toxic fracking chemicals.
One way to become an indirect oil and gas investor Brookshire Salt dome is to invest in high volume frac water technologies. Existing reserves of oil and gas in shale oil deposits contain enough energy to see us well into the next century. Novel ways of recycling and treating wastewater are essential if we are to realize its full potential.
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